Today, China is one of the most powerful countries in the world. But only 40 years ago in this country poverty rate was over 90 % , poverty and starvation had made the country miserable. In next 30 years, we saw such a huge transformation that the poor starving country reached thus far . In 1978 , China contribution to the global GDP was only 2 % and today China contribution more then 18 % to global GDP . Today China poverty rate in less than 1 % , and China in the second – largest economy in the world.in many ways, it can be considered a superpower country.
China is named after the chinese word Qin . Qin was the name of an old dynasty , which ruled China 2000 years ago and unified China . This is why we refer to Chinese people as chini in Hindi. What came from chin is chini . And the actual ‘chini ‘, the Hindi name for white refined sugar. It is believed that refined white sugar was brought to India by a Chinese man . Because a chini person brought sugar, we started calling the sugar chini . Chinese people do not refer to their country as China , they use the name Zhongguo for their country.
The minning of Zhongguo is Middle Kingdom. Because of its size , China used to be a very successful and powerful Kingdom till the 19 th century. And after that , it was affected by colonialism. The first sino – Japanese war in 1894 . China and Japan want to war over territory. At the time China was ruling by Qing Dynasty. In world war 2 , around 30 million Chinese were killed. China and the allied forces finally won world war 2 . But right after the end of world war 2 a civil war broke out in China . A war between the chinese communist party and the nationalist party, KMT , it started in 1927, but when Japan involved during world war 2 , thet has stopped fighting temporarily. Civil war ended in 1949 , with the victory of the Chinese communist party. The people of the nationalist party fled to a nearby island. Which in now called Taiwan . 1st October 1949 people’s republic of China was born.in 1958 Mao launched the great leap forward campaign .
There were two main policies in this . First, to take land from the landowners and distribute it among the farmers . Second, on the hand, large industrial plants were built for steel production. To put it bluntly Mao Zedong was a dictator , and because there is no checks and balances system for dictaors , as there is in a democracy. A civilian army is formed by the students the Red Guards .
Red guards were loyal soldier of Mao who had red armbands on their hands and they used to carry a small red book by Mao . In 1968 to regain control the red guards system was abolished. Died in China because of Mao s police’s . In 1976 Mao Zedong passed away due to poor health. Deng xiaoping is all so called the father of morden China . The real transformation of China being . He introduced his policies of economic liberalisation. We saw an amazing improvement in the literary rate in China.